{"id":12369399,"date":"2026-03-15T00:34:57","date_gmt":"2026-03-14T16:34:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/knowledge\/%e6%96%b0%e6%89%8b%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%ef%bc%9a%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9%e4%b8%8e%e6%90%ad%e5%bb%ba%e4%bd%a0%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e5%8f%b0vps%e4%b8%bb%e6%9c%ba\/"},"modified":"2026-03-15T00:53:45","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T16:53:45","slug":"how-to-choose-and-setup-first-vps-hosting-for-beginners","status":"publish","type":"knowledge_post","link":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/tr\/knowledge\/vps-hosting\/how-to-choose-and-setup-first-vps-hosting-for-beginners\/","title":{"rendered":"Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in k\u0131lavuz: ilk VPS sunucunuzu nas\u0131l se\u00e7ip kurars\u0131n\u0131z?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dijital d\u00fcnyada ke\u015fif yolculu\u011funuzda, kendi sanal \u00f6zel sunucunuza sahip olmak ba\u015far\u0131 duygusu uyand\u0131ran bir teknik uygulamad\u0131r. \u0130ster ki\u015fisel bir web sitesi da\u011f\u0131tmak, ister bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmak ya da otomatik komut dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ls\u0131n, VPS size istikrarl\u0131, kontrol edilebilir ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir uzaktan bilgi i\u015flem platformu sunar. Bu k\u0131lavuz, temel kavramlar\u0131 anlaman\u0131za, ak\u0131ll\u0131ca se\u00e7imler yapman\u0131za ve sonunda ilk VPS ana bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla kurman\u0131za rehberlik edecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in VPS, 24 saat \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olan uzaktan eri\u015filebilen sanal bir bilgisayar olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bulut servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisini kullanarak y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 fiziksel sunucular\u0131 bir\u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sanal birime b\u00f6ler ve her birimin kendi i\u015fletim sistemi, disk alan\u0131, bellek ve CPU kaynaklar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir genel IP adresine sahiptir. Bu, bu \u201cbilgisayar\u0131n\u201d tam kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flar ve di\u011fer ki\u015filerle temel kaynaklar\u0131 payla\u015fmadan yaz\u0131l\u0131m y\u00fckleme ve ortam\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc verir. Ayr\u0131ca, performans\u0131 ve istikrar\u0131 geleneksel payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 sanal bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmetlerinden \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VPS bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmetinin temel avantajlar\u0131 ve se\u00e7im kriterleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

VPS se\u00e7erken, \u00f6ncelikle di\u011fer bar\u0131nd\u0131rma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 avantajlar\u0131 belirlemelisiniz. Bu, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za ger\u00e7ekten uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Temel avantajlar, kontrol, performans izolasyonu, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve maliyet-fayda oran\u0131d\u0131r. Fiziksel sunuculara benzer \u015fekilde \u201cRoot\u201d veya \u201cAdministrator\u201d izinleri al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z ve herhangi bir uyumlu i\u015fletim sistemi ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrce y\u00fckleyebilirsiniz. Kaynaklar \u00f6zel oldu\u011fundan, kom\u015fu web sitelerindeki trafik art\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya kaynak k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 sunucunuzun performans\u0131n\u0131 etkilemeyecektir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7o\u011fu servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 esnek y\u00fckseltme se\u00e7enekleri sunar ve i\u015finiz b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e CPU, bellek veya disk alan\u0131n\u0131 kolayca art\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Tavsiye edilen okuma VPS bar\u0131nd\u0131rma nedir? Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir rehber, sat\u0131n alma k\u0131lavuzu ve kullan\u0131m e\u011fitimi.<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Gereksinimleri belirledikten sonra, piyasadaki \u00e7ok say\u0131da servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ve paket aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7im yaparken birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli kriteri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n\n
\n HostArmadaVPS bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmeti.<\/strong>\n
Bulut SSD\/NVMe + \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 \u00f6nbellek h\u0131zland\u0131rmas\u0131, 24\/7\/365 deste\u011fi, net tepki s\u00fcresi, VPS 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck para iade garantisi ve \u015fimdi \u00f6deme yaparsan\u0131z indirim f\u0131rsat\u0131.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
\n \n \n \"VPS\n \n \n <\/a>\n \n \n HostArmada'y\u0131 ziyaret edin. <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00e7enizi belirleyin.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu, ilk ve en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131r. Kendinize sorun: Bunu esas olarak ne i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131m? Az say\u0131da ziyaret\u00e7i alan ki\u015fisel bir blog \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u0131, yoksa veritaban\u0131 ve arka u\u00e7 hizmetleri mi da\u011f\u0131tmak? Farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131m durumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in konfig\u00fcrasyon gereksinimleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, statik bir sunum web sitesi yaln\u0131zca 512 MB bellek ve tek \u00e7ekirdekli bir CPU gerektirirken, dinamik i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahip bir WordPress sitesi i\u00e7in en az 1 GB bellek \u00f6nerilir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, ayl\u0131k veya y\u0131ll\u0131k bir b\u00fct\u00e7e belirlemek, se\u00e7enekleri h\u0131zla daraltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ve performans\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Konfig\u00fcrasyon esasen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: CPU \u00e7ekirde\u011fi say\u0131s\u0131, bellek boyutu, depolama t\u00fcr\u00fc ve kapasitesi, ayl\u0131k veri trafi\u011fi ve a\u011f bant geni\u015fli\u011fi. Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in, 1 CPU \u00e7ekirde\u011fi, 1 GB bellek ve 20-25 GB SSD depolama alan\u0131 iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Mutlaka SSD'yi se\u00e7in, bu disk okuma\/yazma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131racakt\u0131r. A\u011f bant geni\u015fli\u011fi genellikle \u201cpayla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131\u201d ve \u201cgarantili\u201d olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Giri\u015f seviyesi paketleri genellikle payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 Gigabit bant geni\u015fli\u011fi i\u00e7erir ve veri trafi\u011finin \u201cs\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z\u201d olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya yeterli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmelisiniz (genellikle 1 TB\/ay yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in fazlas\u0131yla yeterlidir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veri merkezinin konumunu ve a\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirin.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sunucunun fiziksel konumu, eri\u015fim gecikmesini do\u011frudan etkiler. Temel ilke \u015fudur: Hedef kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak hangi b\u00f6lgede bulunuyorsa, o b\u00f6lgedeki veri merkezini tercih etmelisiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar \u00fclkenizdeyse, Hong Kong, Japonya, Singapur vb. Asya b\u00f6lgelerindeki sunucular\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelisiniz. Farkl\u0131 servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bu veri merkezlerine olan a\u011f gecikmelerini ve y\u00f6nlendirme durumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden bir ara\u00e7 kullanarak test edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n itibar\u0131na ve deste\u011fine dikkat edin.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in, g\u00fcvenilir teknik destek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf incelemelerini ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin ve servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131, a\u011f stabilitesini (internet kesintileri olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131) ve destek biletlerine yan\u0131t verme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin. Sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ileti\u015fim maliyetini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00c7ince m\u00fc\u015fteri hizmetleri veya topluluk deste\u011fi sunan servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7in. Ayr\u0131ca, geri \u00f6deme politikas\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ko\u015fulsuz geri \u00f6deme\u201d sunup sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131) \u00f6\u011frenmek de bir g\u00fcvencedir.<\/p>\n

Tavsiye edilen okuma VPS bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmetinin nihai rehberi: Sanal sunucunuzu s\u0131f\u0131rdan se\u00e7me, kurma ve optimize etme.<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Anasayfa > VPS Hizmetleri > Ana VPS \u0130\u015fletim Sistemi Se\u00e7imi ve Ba\u011flant\u0131 Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7ip bir paket sat\u0131n ald\u0131ktan sonra, i\u015fletim sistemi se\u00e7iminin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ersiniz. Bu genellikle kurulum s\u00fcrecindeki ilk yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131: ana ak\u0131m tercihi.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu sunucu uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, stabilite, g\u00fcvenlik ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zellikleriyle Linux sistemi en iyi se\u00e7imdir. Yayg\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n- Ubuntu: Yeni ba\u015flayanlar aras\u0131nda en pop\u00fcler se\u00e7imdir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir toplulu\u011fa, zengin yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketlerine ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 belgelere sahiptir ve \u00f6\u011frenme e\u011frisi olduk\u00e7a d\u00fczd\u00fcr. Uzun s\u00fcreli destek s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri olduk\u00e7a stabildir.
\n- CentOS (ve Rocky Linux\/AlmaLinux gibi halefleri): \u0130stikrarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Red Hat Enterprise Linux ile uyumlulu\u011fu ile bilinir ve kurumsal kullan\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevilir, ancak CentOS 8'in bak\u0131m\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur ve alternatiflerin se\u00e7ilmesi \u00f6nerilir.
\n- Debian: \u201cSa\u011flam\u201d stabilitesiyle bilinir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketleri biraz eskidir ancak iyice test edilmi\u015ftir ve son derece stabilite arayan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in bir se\u00e7enektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS veya Debian 12'den ba\u015flamay\u0131 kesinlikle tavsiye ediyoruz.<\/p>\n\n

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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Bluehost\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\tBluehost VPS bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmeti.<\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\tYeni nesil AMD EPYC i\u015flemciler, DDR5 bellek + NVMe SSD depolama, 24\/7 \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i sohbet ve telefon deste\u011fi.<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
En y\u00fcksek 32% indirimi.<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBluehost VPS bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmetine eri\u015fin. \u2192<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"UltaHost\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\tUltaHost VPS bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmeti.<\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\tAMD EPYC CPU, 99,991 TP4T normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi garantisi ve 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck para iade garantisi.<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t
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S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7in indirim.<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUltaHost VPS bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmetine eri\u015fin. \u2192<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Windows Server: \u00d6zel gereksinimler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ASP.NET, MSSQL veya yaln\u0131zca Windows'u destekleyen belirli yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekiyorsa, Windows Server'\u0131 se\u00e7meniz gerekir. Bunun genellikle ek lisans \u00fccretleri gerektirdi\u011fini ve sistem kaynaklar\u0131na (\u00f6zellikle belle\u011fe) daha y\u00fcksek taleplerde bulundu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n. Bu, yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fletim sistemi se\u00e7iminden sonra, servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kontrol paneli VPS\u2019nin IP adresini, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin root) ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u015fifresini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Resmi ba\u011flant\u0131dan \u00f6nce, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvenlik haz\u0131rl\u0131k ad\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r: \u015eifre ile giri\u015fi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p SSH anahtarl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7melisiniz. Bu, \u015fifre k\u0131rma sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 temelden \u00f6nleyecektir. Yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda bir \u00e7ift anahtar (\u00f6zel ve genel anahtar) olu\u015fturman\u0131z ve genel anahtar\u0131 VPS servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kontrol paneline veya ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 sistemine y\u00fcklemeniz gerekmektedir. Bu, g\u00fcvenli bir sunucu olu\u015fturman\u0131n temelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in: Ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmaktan temel ayarlara kadar.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi, komut sat\u0131r\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanarak VPS\u2019nizle ger\u00e7ekten \u201ckonu\u015fmaya\u201d ba\u015flayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Tavsiye edilen okuma Payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rma nedir? Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in eksiksiz bir web bar\u0131nd\u0131rma rehberi ve sat\u0131n alma \u00f6nerileri.<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcvenli bir SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurmak<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MacOS veya Linux kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in, do\u011frudan Terminal\u2019i a\u00e7\u0131n. Windows kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in PuTTY veya Windows 10 ve sonraki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerde yer alan Windows Terminal\u2019i (OpenSSH istemcisi i\u00e7erir) kullanman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.
\nSSH anahtar\u0131 kullanarak ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in genellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ssh -i \/\u8def\u5f84\/\u5230\/\u4f60\u7684\/\u79c1\u94a5 root@\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lk ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruldu\u011funda, ana bilgisayar\u0131n anahtar parmak izini onaylaman\u0131z istenecektir; l\u00fctfen gerekli bilgileri girin.yes<\/code>Bu kadar. E\u011fer yap\u0131land\u0131rma do\u011fruysa, \u015fifre girmenize gerek kalmayacak ve do\u011frudan root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak sunucuya giri\u015f yapabileceksiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n  
\n\n      
\n        hosting.com VPS bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmeti<\/strong>\n        
\u00dccretsiz SSL, Cloudflare CDN, WAF, 99,91 TP4T uptime SLA, AMD EPYC\u2122 CPU ve NVMe depolama alan\u0131, en y\u00fcksek indirim 501 TP4T.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      
\n                  \n                          \n              \"VPS\n              \n              \n                      <\/a>\n          \n        \n          Hosting.com'u ziyaret edin.        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00d6nemli sistem g\u00fcncellemelerini ve g\u00fcvenlik iyile\u015ftirmelerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, ilk g\u00f6rev sistem yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketleri listesini g\u00fcncellemek ve bilinen g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in y\u00fckl\u00fc t\u00fcm paketleri y\u00fckseltmektir. Ubuntu\/Debian \u00f6rne\u011fini ele alal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt update && apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Daha sonra, birka\u00e7 temel g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi al\u0131n\u0131r:
\n1. SSH portunu de\u011fi\u015ftirme: D\u00fczenle\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code>Dosya, olacak.Port 22<\/code>Bir 1024\u2019ten b\u00fcy\u00fck rastgele port ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin (\u00f6rne\u011fin: 1025).Port 23456<\/code>Bu, \u00e7ok say\u0131da otomatik tarama sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir.
\n2. Root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n SSH \u015fifreli giri\u015fini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n: Ayn\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda bunu yap\u0131n.PasswordAuthentication<\/code>Ayarlar\u0131 yap\u0131n.no<\/code>\uff0cPermitRootLogin<\/code>Ayarlanabilir.without-password<\/code>(Anahtar ile giri\u015fe izin verilir) veyano<\/code>Root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uzaktan giri\u015f yapmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yasaklay\u0131n; \u00f6nerimiz, \u00f6nce s\u0131radan bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturup bu kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sudo yetkileri vermek ve ard\u0131ndan bu i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir.
\n3. G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Ayarlar\u0131: Sistem g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirin (\u00f6rne\u011fin\u2026)ufw<\/code>Sadece ger\u00e7ekten ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olan portlar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin yeni SSH portu, HTTP 80, HTTPS 443) ge\u00e7i\u015fe izin verin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# Ubuntu\u5b89\u88c5ufw\napt install ufw -y\n# \u653e\u884c\u65b0SSH\u7aef\u53e3\nufw allow 23456\/tcp\n# \u653e\u884cWeb\u7aef\u53e3\nufw allow 80\/tcp\nufw allow 443\/tcp\n# \u542f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\nufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapt\u0131ktan sonra, l\u00fctfen mutlaka bunlar\u0131 uygulay\u0131n.systemctl restart ssh<\/code>Yeni portun etkin hale gelmesi i\u00e7in SSH servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n. Yeniden ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce, yeni portun do\u011fru \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve SSH istemcinizin (\u00f6rne\u011fin PuTTY) yeni portu kullanacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun; aksi takdirde uzaktan giri\u015f yapamayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lk uygulaman\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturun: Bir web sunucusu \u00f6rne\u011fiyle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Temel sistem haz\u0131rland\u0131ktan sonra, ger\u00e7ek uygulamalar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmaya ba\u015flayabilirsiniz. Bir Web sunucusu kurmak en yayg\u0131n uygulamalardan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
LAMP\/LEMP \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131 kurmak<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) ve LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL\/MariaDB, PHP), en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan iki web teknoloji y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r. Burada, daha y\u00fcksek performansa sahip olan LEMP \u00f6rne\u011fini ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.
\n1. Nginx\u2019i kurun:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
   apt install nginx -y\n   systemctl start nginx\n   systemctl enable nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Bu s\u0131rada, taray\u0131c\u0131dan sunucunuzun IP adresine eri\u015fti\u011finizde Nginx\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131lama sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.
\n2. MariaDB veritaban\u0131n\u0131 kurun:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
   apt install mariadb-server -y\n   mysql_secure_installation<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcvenlik ba\u015flatma beti\u011fini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n; verilen talimatlara g\u00f6re root \u015fifresini ayarlay\u0131n, anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131n ve uzaktan root giri\u015fini engelleyin.
\n3. PHP ve eklentilerinin kurulmas\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
   apt install php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-xml -y<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4. Nginx\u2019i PHP i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131rmak: Web sitesi yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin (\u00f6rne\u011fin\u2026)\/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/your_domain<\/code>), PHP iste\u011finin do\u011fru \u015fekilde iletilmesini sa\u011flay\u0131n.php-fpm<\/code>\u0130\u015fleme devam edin. Daha sonra, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (soft link) ilgili yere olu\u015fturun.sites-enabled<\/code>Katalogu olu\u015fturun ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 test edin; ard\u0131ndan Nginx\u2019i yeniden y\u00fckleyin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Web sitesi program\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tma ve alan ad\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Web sitenizin dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin WordPress paketini) FileZilla gibi bir SFTP arac\u0131 kullanarak sunucunun web sitesi k\u00f6k dizinine y\u00fckleyin. \/var\/www\/html<\/code>Ayr\u0131ca do\u011fru dosya izinlerini ayarlay\u0131n.
\nE\u011fer zaten bir alan ad\u0131n\u0131z varsa, yapman\u0131z gereken tek \u015fey alan ad\u0131 kay\u0131t \u015firketinizde alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n A kayd\u0131n\u0131 VPS\u2019nizin genel a\u011f IP adresine y\u00f6nlendirmektir. DNS ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n etkinle\u015fmesini bekleyin (genellikle birka\u00e7 dakika ila birka\u00e7 saat s\u00fcrer) ve ard\u0131ndan web sitenize alan ad\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015febilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SSL sertifikas\u0131 y\u00fckleyerek HTTPS\u2019yi etkinle\u015ftirin.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u7f51\u7ad9\u542f\u7528HTTPS\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u6700\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Let's Encrypt\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7certbot<\/code>Ara\u00e7lar otomatik olarak edinilir ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u5b89\u88c5certbot\napt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y\n# \u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u57df\u540d\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u8bc1\u4e66\ncertbot --nginx -d your-domain.com -d www.your-domain.com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Certbot, Nginx yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve sertifika yenileme i\u015flemlerini zamanlanm\u0131\u015f bir programa ekler, b\u00f6ylece tam otomatik bir y\u00f6netim sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6zetle.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
S\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flayarak ilk VPS sunucusunu se\u00e7mek ve kurmak, sistematik bir \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecidir. \u00d6ncelikle kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00e7enizi de\u011ferlendirmeniz ve buna g\u00f6re uygun bir servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma plan\u0131 se\u00e7meniz gerekir. Daha sonra, yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in uygun bir Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 se\u00e7erek i\u015fe ba\u015flay\u0131n ve hemen SSH anahtar do\u011frulamas\u0131 ile g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini al\u0131n; bu, sunucunun g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n \u00f6n ko\u015fuludur. Ard\u0131ndan, web \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131 kurarak ve yap\u0131land\u0131rarak teorik bilgilerinizi pratik sonu\u00e7lara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya hizmet verebilen bir web platformuna sahip olun. T\u00fcm bu s\u00fcrecin \u00f6z\u00fc \u015fudur: Cesurca denemeler yapmak, dikkatli hareket etmek ve \u00f6nemli verileri ile yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda yedeklemek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
VPS ve bulut sunucusu aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
VPS (Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucu) ve bulut sunucular\u0131 her ikisi de sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir, ancak mimarileri farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Geleneksel VPS\u2019ler genellikle tek bir fiziksel sunucunun sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojileri (\u00f6rne\u011fin OpenVZ, KVM) kullan\u0131larak olu\u015fturulur ve kaynaklar\u0131 nispeten sabittir. Modern bulut sunucular\u0131 ise genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k k\u00fcmeler \u00fczerine kurulur; daha y\u00fcksek kullan\u0131labilirlik, esneklik ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik sunarlar. Kaynaklar ihtiyaca g\u00f6re kolayca y\u00fckseltilebilir veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve genellikle daha fazla depolama, a\u011f ve yedekleme hizmeti ile birlikte gelirler. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesindeki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in her iki hizmet aras\u0131ndaki deneyim fark\u0131 pek fazla de\u011fildir; ancak bulut sunucular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi genellikle daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden \u015fifreli giri\u015fi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p anahtar kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6neriyoruz?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u015eifre ile giri\u015f yapmak, \u00f6zellikle zay\u0131f \u015fifreler veya varsay\u0131lan \u015fifreler kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sunucular\u0131n hackerlar taraf\u0131ndan sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131n en yayg\u0131n yoludur. Otomatik betikler, gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131 tarayarak SSH servislerine yayg\u0131n \u015fifrelerle giri\u015f yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SSH anahtar do\u011frulamas\u0131, asimetrik \u015fifreleme teknolojisini kullan\u0131r. \u00d6zel anahtar yerel olarak saklan\u0131r ve a\u011f \u00fczerinden iletilmesine gerek yoktur; bu nedenle kaba kuvvet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla \u015fifrelenmesi neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Herhangi bir karma\u015f\u0131k \u015fifreden \u00e7ok daha g\u00fcvenlidir ve sunucular\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in zorunlu bir \u00f6nlemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sunucuya s\u0131z\u0131ld\u0131ysa ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Anormallikler tespit edildi\u011finde (bilinmeyen s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, performans sorunlar\u0131, yabanc\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar vb.), derhal acil durum \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6ncelikle, m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse hemen servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n konsol\u00fc arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sunucunun a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kesin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, genel a\u011f eri\u015fimini kapat\u0131n) b\u00f6ylece hackerlar\u0131n sunucunuzu daha fazla zarar vermesini veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131na sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyin. \u0130kincisi, e\u011fer yak\u0131n zamanda temiz bir sistem yedekiniz varsa, t\u00fcm sistemi bu yedekten geri y\u00fcklemenizi \u00f6neririz. Yedek yoksa, profesyonellerin sisteme s\u0131zma nedenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p gerekli d\u00fczeltmeleri yapmas\u0131 gerekecektir; ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 genellikle karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve arka kap\u0131lar\u0131n tamamen temizlendi\u011finin garanti edilemez. Son olarak, sistemi geri y\u00fckledikten veya yeniden kurduktan sonra, s\u0131zman\u0131n nedenlerini (genellikle zay\u0131f \u015fifreler, g\u00fcncellenmemi\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar vb.) mutlaka inceleyin ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinizi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VPS\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma durumunu nas\u0131l izleyebilirim?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Sunucu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m durumunu izlemek son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Temel komutlardan ba\u015flayabilirsiniz, \u00f6rne\u011fin kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi\u2026 top<\/code> \u6216 htop<\/code> Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 i\u015flemleri ve kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in\u2026 df -h<\/code> Disk alan\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in\u2026 free -m<\/code> Belle\u011fi kontrol edin. Uzun s\u00fcreli izleme i\u00e7in, Netdata gibi hafif bir izleme arac\u0131 kurabilirsiniz; bu ara\u00e7 son derece ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6rsel olarak sunulan ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 paneller sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca, bir\u00e7ok VPS sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kontrol panelleri de temel CPU, bellek, trafik ve bant geni\u015fli\u011fi kullan\u0131m verilerini g\u00f6steren grafikler sunar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bu makale, yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir VPS (Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucu) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 rehberidir. \u00d6ncelikle VPS kavram\u0131n\u0131 ve avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar, ard\u0131ndan ihtiya\u00e7lara, b\u00fct\u00e7eye, yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya, veri merkezi konumuna ve servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n itibar\u0131na g\u00f6re nas\u0131l bir VPS se\u00e7ilece\u011fini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak anlat\u0131r. Daha sonra pop\u00fcler i\u015fletim sistemlerini tan\u0131t\u0131r ve SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli ayarlanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgular. Son olarak, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 sunucuya ba\u011flanmaktan temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 tamamlamaya kadar olan s\u00fcre\u00e7te ad\u0131m ad\u0131m y\u00f6nlendirir.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[293,286,303,344,410],"knowledge_category":[275],"class_list":["post-12369399","knowledge_post","type-knowledge_post","status-publish","hentry","tag-vps","tag-host-buying-guide","tag-beginner-guide","tag-server-setup","tag-410","knowledge_category-vps-hosting"],"acf":{"site_seo_keywords":"VPS\u4e3b\u673a,\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668,\u65b0\u624b\u5165\u95e8,VPS\u9009\u8d2d\u6307\u5357,\u642d\u5efaVPS,Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668,SSH\u5bc6\u94a5\u8ba4\u8bc1,\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12369399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/knowledge_post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12369399\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12369399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12369399"},{"taxonomy":"knowledge_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_category?post=12369399"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}