{"id":12364650,"date":"2026-03-13T04:38:38","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T20:38:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/knowledge\/wordpress-%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%ae%9a%e5%88%b6%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e5%ae%8c%e5%85%a8%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%88%b0%e7%b2%be%e9%80%9a\/"},"modified":"2026-06-03T21:48:05","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T13:48:05","slug":"wordpress-theme-customization-development-complete-guide","status":"publish","type":"knowledge_post","link":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/knowledge\/wordpress\/wordpress-theme-customization-development-complete-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao di\u1ec7n (theme) cho WordPress: T\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn trang web tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 Local by Flywheel, XAMPP ho\u1eb7c MAMP \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Apache\/Nginx, PHP v\u00e0 MySQL ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n PHP c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 7.4 v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n MySQL kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 5.6 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a WordPress hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Visual Studio Code l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1edd v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 PHP Intelephense, WordPress Snippet, Live Server, v.v.). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Git c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t (Chrome DevTools ho\u1eb7c Firefox Developer Tools) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i HTML, CSS v\u00e0 JavaScript m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theme WordPress: T\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi theme \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme frameworks) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung _s<\/code>C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 \u201cTheme\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cSage Theme\u201d (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c front-end hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p tin r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a WordPress.<\/p>\n\n\r\n

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\r\n \r\n UltaHost \u2013 Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 WordPress chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p <\/strong>\r\n
B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n trong 30 ng\u00e0y, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 DDoS mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, mua 3 n\u0103m \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i 50%<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n \r\n \"Logo\r\n \r\n <\/a>\r\n \r\n \r\n Truy c\u1eadp trang <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ec7p tin l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu (style sheet files). style.css<\/code>T\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc CSS m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u201cch\u1ee9ng minh th\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho WordPress c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 t\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin metatag kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa n\u00e0y, WordPress s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu (template files)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu (template files) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trang kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean trang web. T\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u2026 index.php<\/code>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1eabu d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c trang. WordPress s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu n\u00e0o cho m\u1ed9t trang c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1eabu d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3. single-post.php<\/code>n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec s\u1ebd quay v\u1ec1 single.php<\/code>\uff0ccu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 singular.php<\/code>\u2026cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi index.php<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u1eabu quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m:header.php<\/code>(Trang \u0111\u1ea7u)footer.php<\/code>(Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n trang)sidebar.php<\/code>(Nh\u00e3n: B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh)page.php<\/code>(Trang),archive.php<\/code>(Trang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef) V\u00e0 search.php<\/code>(T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm trang). Th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0m get_header()<\/code>\u3001get_footer()<\/code> \u548c get_sidebar()<\/code> Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u00f3a).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao di\u1ec7n WordPress: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng giao di\u1ec7n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 0<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Function files and template tags<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

functions.php<\/code> T\u1ec7p tin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n (theme). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu (template file), m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p PHP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o khi giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho giao di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c menu v\u00e0 thanh b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh (sidebar), s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c script v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng (stylesheet) v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c h\u00e0m t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, v.v. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 ph add_theme_support('post-thumbnails')<\/code> H\u00e3y b\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u1ea3nh thu nh\u1ecf cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ebb m\u1eabu (template tags) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m PHP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n trong WordPress, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch dinh h\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin m\u1eabu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5,the_title()<\/code> xu\u1ea5t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft,the_content()<\/code> xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft,the_permalink()<\/code> Xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c th\u1ebb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Hook (C\u00e2u n\u1ed1i) m\u00e0 WordPress cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\r\n

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Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb CPU AMD EPYC, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef SSD NVMe v\u00e0 LiteSpeed, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chuy\u00ean gia n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 24 gi\u1edd\/ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m SSL, ch\u1ed1ng brute force, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 DDoS, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1edbi 73%.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n \r\n \"Logo\r\n \r\n <\/a>\r\n \r\n \r\n Truy c\u1eadp trang <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00f9ng menu v\u00e0 widget<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c trang web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh. functions.php<\/code> trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng register_nav_menus()<\/code> M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c menu \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng (navigation menu items).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

function my_custom_theme_setup() {\n    register_nav_menus( array(\n        'primary' => __( '\u4e3b\u5bfc\u822a\u83dc\u5355', 'my-theme' ),\n        'footer'  => __( '\u9875\u811a\u83dc\u5355', 'my-theme' ),\n    ) );\n}\nadd_action( 'after_setup_theme', 'my_custom_theme_setup' );<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu (nh\u01b0 header.php<\/code>), h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng wp_nav_menu()<\/code> H\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb menu \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean trang web. Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch (tools) trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 (toolbar) c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m n\u00e0y. register_sidebar()<\/code> H\u00e0m, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1eabu dynamic_sidebar()<\/code> H\u00e3y g\u1ecdi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c hook h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (action hooks) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc (filters)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c \u201chook\u201d (kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i) l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac plugin v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a WordPress. Hook h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (Action Hooks) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ch\u00e8n m\u00e3 l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. Hook l\u1ecdc (Filter Hooks) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh WordPress \u0111a trang web: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a SEO<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc (filters). the_content<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
function my_custom_copyright( $content ) {\n    if ( is_single() ) {\n        $content .= '<p class="copyright">© B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u0111ã \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7c sao chép là b\u1ecb nghiêm c\u1ea5m.<\/p>';\n    }\n    return $content;\n}\nadd_filter( 'the_content', 'my_custom_copyright' );<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1o m\u1eabu trang t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c trang c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00fa th\u00edch PHP nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu. H\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0\u2026 template-fullwidth.php<\/code>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\r\n
\r\n     \r\n  
\r\n    \r\n      M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a InterServer    <\/strong>\r\n    
L\u01b0u tr\u1eef chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed $2,50 USD m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 $0,1 USD trong th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tryinterserver, v\u1edbi 461 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  
\r\n          \r\n                  \"Logo\r\n          \r\n              <\/a>\r\n    \r\n    \r\n       Truy c\u1eadp trang    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<?php\n\/**\n * Template Name: \u5168\u5bbd\u9875\u9762\n * Description: \u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u4fa7\u8fb9\u680f\u7684\u5168\u5bbd\u9875\u9762\u6a21\u677f\n *\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda trang trong giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a WordPress, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu \u201cTrang to\u00e0n m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh\u201d (Full Width Page) trong m\u1ee5c \u201cThu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trang\u201d (Page Properties). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c trang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Sau khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh (script) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng (stylesheet)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p CSS v\u00e0 JavaScript v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trang web. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu (template files). <link><\/code> \u6216 <script><\/code> C\u00e1c th\u1ebb (tags) n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee9ng), thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi s\u1eb5n trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. wp_enqueue_style()<\/code> \u548c wp_enqueue_script()<\/code> H\u00e0m \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00f9ng ti\u1ec7n \u00edch trong functions.php<\/code> Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i (queue) gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh (script) v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (style), ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (development phase). filemtime()<\/code> H\u00e0m n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p tin, gi\u00fap bu\u1ed9c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1ed9i dung m\u1edbi trong b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m (cache). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p s\u1eb5n b\u1edfi WordPress (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 jQuery) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CDN \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
An ninh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cescape\u201d) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3u Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 WordPress cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. esc_html()<\/code>\u3001esc_url()<\/code> \u548c esc_attr()<\/code>Khi x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c API t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (internationalization \u2013 i18n) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau. __()<\/code> \u6216 _e()<\/code> Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00e1c h\u00e0m (function wrapping) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecbch (.pot). Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1ecbch sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, vui l\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra sau:  \n\u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o trang web ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.  \n\u2013 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 PageSpeed Insights c\u1ee7a Google ho\u1eb7c GTmetrix \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trang web; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP (requests) v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.  \n\u2013 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a WordPress.  \n\u2013 Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i (debug code) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch th\u1eeba th\u00e3i kh\u1ecfi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. style.css<\/code> Nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00ean danh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a WordPress; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n (theme) cho WordPress l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 front-end v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh PHP. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c m\u1eabu (templates), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hook v\u00e0 API c\u1ee7a WordPress l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, nh\u1eb1m mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trang web \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a WordPress c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
FAQ \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
###: Li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u (t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng) hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n (sub-themes) th\u00ec c\u00e1i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?
\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t trang web t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 con (nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda theo nhu c\u1ea7u) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a \u0111i khi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 con<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh (Custom Post Types \u2013 CPT) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 trang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, v.v. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3\u2026functions.php<\/code>trong t\u1ec7p register_post_type()<\/code> H\u00e3y \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd h\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. init<\/code> Action hooks \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c plugin ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Custom Post Type UI) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Post Type t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh (Custom Post Types \u2013 CPT) ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (taxonomy) t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.register_taxonomy()<\/code>C\u00e1c plugin nh\u01b0 Advanced Custom Fields (ACF) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung (Content Management Systems \u2013 CMS) v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c script c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Vui l\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng. wp_enqueue_style()<\/code> \u548c wp_enqueue_script()<\/code> C\u00e1c h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn (mount) v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m\/kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (hooks), th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0\u2026 wp_enqueue_scripts<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. get_template_directory_uri()<\/code> H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 URL ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ki\u1ec3m tra xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i 404 (t\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y) ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i JavaScript n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong console c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m (b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t, plugin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a WordPress, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7) n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u0169 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o Gutenberg?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n Gutenberg (tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i), b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a phong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y\u2026functions.php<\/code>v\u00e0o add_theme_support('editor-styles')<\/code>Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u2026 add_editor_style()<\/code> H\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p CSS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o; t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh phong c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ed9i dung trong khu v\u1ef1c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (visual effects) c\u1ee7a trang web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng cho c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (full-width alignment) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9nh theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a (wide alignment).add_theme_support('align-wide')<\/code>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f4ng ch\u1eef cho c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i (th\u00f4ng qua\u2026) add_theme_support('editor-color-palette')<\/code>(V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c), th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (themes) cho WordPress. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p tin c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu (templates), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m (function files). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng menu \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd (registration menu), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[368,638,1905,2234,2352],"knowledge_category":[280],"class_list":["post-12364650","knowledge_post","type-knowledge_post","status-publish","hentry","tag-seo-optimization","tag-wordpress-theme-development","tag-theme-templates","tag-2234","tag-development-environment","knowledge_category-wordpress"],"acf":{"site_seo_keywords":"WordPress\u4e3b\u9898\u5f00\u53d1,\u5b9a\u5236\u6307\u5357,\u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6,functions.php,\u672c\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883,WordPress\u4e3b\u9898\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784,\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12364650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/knowledge_post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12364650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12404451,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12364650\/revisions\/12404451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12364650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12364650"},{"taxonomy":"knowledge_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_category?post=12364650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}