{"id":12367465,"date":"2026-03-14T05:37:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-13T21:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/knowledge\/%e6%89%8b%e6%8a%8a%e6%89%8b%e6%95%99%e4%bd%a0%e6%89%93%e9%80%a0%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd%e5%bc%ba%e5%a4%a7%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89-wordpress-%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T12:11:51","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T04:11:51","slug":"build-custom-wordpress-theme-step-by-step-guide","status":"publish","type":"knowledge_post","link":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/knowledge\/wordpress\/build-custom-wordpress-theme-step-by-step-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) cho WordPress t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00edch ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00f4 song. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a trang web. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i trang v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a WordPress ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c plugin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt do nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n WordPress \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a kho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu (templates) trong WordPress.WP_Query<\/code>API cho b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (Theme Customizer), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hook (hooks).actions<\/code> \u548c filters<\/code>Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n WordPress n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng sau: \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n WordPress c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn; m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u00e3 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 VS Code ho\u1eb7c PhpStorm; v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 HTML, CSS, PHP v\u00e0 JavaScript. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o t\u1eadp tin th\u00e8me (theme) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress: T\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai t\u1ec7p tin c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:index.php<\/code> \u548c style.css<\/code>Ph\u1ea7n sau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch (styles) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin meta m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) cho WordPress. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme directories) nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\r\n

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\r\n \r\n UltaHost \u2013 Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 WordPress chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p <\/strong>\r\n
B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n trong 30 ng\u00e0y, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 DDoS mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, mua 3 n\u0103m \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i 50%<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n \r\n \"Logo\r\n \r\n <\/a>\r\n \r\n \r\n Truy c\u1eadp trang <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme directories) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng (style sheets).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t WordPress c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u2026 wp-content\/themes\/<\/code> Trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: my-custom-theme<\/code>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o\u2026 style.css<\/code> T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin, v\u00e0 th\u00eam c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p tin \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa th\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 WordPress c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/*\nTheme Name: My Custom Theme\nTheme URI: https:\/\/yourwebsite.com\/\nAuthor: Your Name\nAuthor URI: https:\/\/yourwebsite.com\/\nDescription: \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u800c\u6253\u9020\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\nVersion: 1.0.0\nLicense: GPL v2 or later\nText Domain: my-custom-theme\n*\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Text Domain<\/code> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u00f3a; sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 khi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c h\u00e0m d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
index.php<\/code> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi c\u1ea7n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. index.php<\/code> Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng trang web s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i, d\u00f9 trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html no numeric noise key 1009>\n<head>\n    <meta charset="<?php bloginfo( 'charset' ); ?>">\n    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">\n    <?php wp_head(); ?>\n<\/head>\n<body no numeric noise key 1006>\n    <?php wp_body_open(); ?>\n\n<header>\n        <h1><a href="\/vi\/<\/?php echo esc_url( home_url( '\/' ) ); ?>"><?php bloginfo( 'name' ); ?><\/a><\/h1>\n        <p><?php bloginfo( 'description' ); ?><\/p>\n    <\/header>\n\n<main>\n        &lt;?php\n        if ( have_posts() ) :\n            while ( have_posts() ) :\n                the_post();\n                \/\/ \u5faa\u73af\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c55\u793a\n                the_title( &#039;<h2>', '<\/h2>' );\n                the_content();\n            endwhile;\n        else :\n            echo '<p>\u6682\u65e0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>';\n        endif;\n        ?&gt;\n    <\/main>\n\n<footer>\n        <p>© B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ….<\/p>\n    <\/footer>\n\n<?php wp_footer(); ?>\n<\/body>\n<\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fac n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t hai t\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme directory), sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ee5c \u201cGiao di\u1ec7n\u201d (Appearance) -> \u201cCh\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1\u201d (Themes) tr\u00ean giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb WordPress. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4-\u0111un (modules) v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu (templates) v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u00f3a (modularity).<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1ed3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac HTML v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n HTML m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. index.php<\/code> \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c m\u1eabu (template hierarchy) c\u1ee7a WordPress cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i trang kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Split the header, footer, and sidebar into separate components.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1o ra header.php<\/code>\u3001footer.php<\/code> \u548c sidebar.php<\/code> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u00f3a (modularization).<\/p>\n\n\r\n
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\r\n    \r\n      Hosting.com - l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chia s\u1ebb    <\/strong>\r\n    
Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb CPU AMD EPYC, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef SSD NVMe v\u00e0 LiteSpeed, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chuy\u00ean gia n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 24 gi\u1edd\/ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m SSL, ch\u1ed1ng brute force, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 DDoS, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1edbi 73%.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  
\r\n          \r\n                  \"Logo\r\n          \r\n              <\/a>\r\n    \r\n    \r\n       Truy c\u1eadp trang    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5c06 index.php<\/code> \u4e2d <head><\/code> \u5230 <main><\/code> Ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n sang\u2026 header.php<\/code>\u3002 <footer><\/code> V\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026 footer.php<\/code>Sau \u0111\u00f3, index.php<\/code> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng get_header()<\/code> \u548c get_footer()<\/code> C\u00e1c h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u00fang (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<?php get_header(); ?>\n\n<main>\n    &lt;?php\n    if ( have_posts() ) :\n        while ( have_posts() ) :\n            the_post();\n            the_title( &#039;<h2>', '<\/h2>' );\n            the_content();\n        endwhile;\n    else :\n        echo '<p>\u6682\u65e0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>';\n    endif;\n    ?&gt;\n<\/main>\n\n<?php get_sidebar(); ?> <!-- \u5982\u679c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4fa7\u8fb9\u680f\u6587\u4ef6 -->\n<?php get_footer(); ?><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1o m\u1eabu n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n template (m\u1eabu) ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. content.php<\/code> \u6216 template-parts\/content.php<\/code>H\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n logic hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3\u2026 index.php<\/code> trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p get_template_part()<\/code> H\u00e3y g\u1ecdi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ \u5728 index.php \u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\uff1a\nwhile ( have_posts() ) :\n    the_post();\n    get_template_part( 'template-parts\/content', get_post_format() );\nendwhile;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e0m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0\u2026 content-video.php<\/code> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh (ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3). content.php<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trang web t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a WordPress v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a WordPress, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 menu, ti\u1ec7n \u00edch (widgets), \u1ea3nh thu nh\u1ecf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft (article thumbnails), v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme customizer).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd menu \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c widget<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Trong t\u1eadp tin functions.php<\/code> Trong t\u1ec7p functions.php, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng register_nav_menus()<\/code> \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\r\n
\r\n     \r\n  
\r\n    \r\n      M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a InterServer    <\/strong>\r\n    
L\u01b0u tr\u1eef chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed $2,50 USD m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 $0,1 USD trong th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tryinterserver, v\u1edbi 461 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  
\r\n          \r\n                  \"Logo\r\n          \r\n              <\/a>\r\n    \r\n    \r\n       Truy c\u1eadp trang    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
function my_custom_theme_setup() {\n    \/\/ \u6ce8\u518c\u4e3b\u83dc\u5355\n    register_nav_menus( array(\n        'primary' => esc_html__( '\u4e3b\u5bfc\u822a\u83dc\u5355', 'my-custom-theme' ),\n        'footer'  => esc_html__( '\u9875\u811a\u83dc\u5355', 'my-custom-theme' ),\n    ) );\n\n\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u6587\u7ae0\u7f29\u7565\u56fe\u652f\u6301\n    add_theme_support( 'post-thumbnails' );\n\n\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49Logo\u652f\u6301\n    add_theme_support( 'custom-logo' );\n}\nadd_action( 'after_setup_theme', 'my_custom_theme_setup' );<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch (c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3) v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf (b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh trang).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
function my_custom_theme_widgets_init() {\n    register_sidebar( array(\n        'name'          =&gt; esc_html__( '\u4e3b\u4fa7\u8fb9\u680f', 'my-custom-theme' ),\n        'id'            =&gt; 'sidebar-1',\n        'description'   =&gt; esc_html__( '\u5728\u6b64\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u3002', 'my-custom-theme' ),\n        'before_widget' =&gt; '<section id="%1$s" class="widget %2$s">',\n        'after_widget'  =&gt; '<\/section>',\n        'before_title'  =&gt; '<h2 class="widget-title">',\n        'after_title'   =&gt; '<\/h2>',\n    ) );\n}\nadd_action( 'widgets_init', 'my_custom_theme_widgets_init' );<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5728 header.php<\/code> Ho\u1eb7c trong t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. wp_nav_menu()<\/code> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb menu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00eam t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn cho b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (Theme Customizer)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ecnh t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (Customizer) cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3\u2026 WP_Customize_Manager<\/code> Th\u00eam t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
function my_custom_theme_customize_register( $wp_customize ) {\n    \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e3b\u9898\u9009\u9879\u201d\u677f\u5757\n    $wp_customize->add_section( 'theme_options', array(\n        'title'    => __( '\u4e3b\u9898\u9009\u9879', 'my-custom-theme' ),\n        'priority' => 130,\n    ) );\n\n\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u811a\u7248\u6743\u6587\u672c\u8bbe\u7f6e\n    $wp_customize->add_setting( 'footer_copyright_text', array(\n        'default'           => '\u00a9 2026 Your Company',\n        'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field',\n        'transport'         => 'postMessage', \/\/ \u652f\u6301\u5b9e\u65f6\u9884\u89c8\n    ) );\n\n$wp_customize->add_control( 'footer_copyright_text', array(\n        'label'    => __( '\u9875\u811a\u7248\u6743\u6587\u672c', 'my-custom-theme' ),\n        'section'  => 'theme_options',\n        'type'     => 'text',\n    ) );\n}\nadd_action( 'customize_register', 'my_custom_theme_customize_register' );<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong footer.php<\/code> trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng get_theme_mod()<\/code> H\u00e3y xu\u1ea5t ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<p><?php echo esc_html( get_theme_mod( 'footer_copyright_text', '© 2026 Your Company' ) ); ?><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin script v\u00e0 style m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. wp_enqueue_scripts<\/code> C\u00e1c \u201chook\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p CSS v\u00e0 JavaScript, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ea3i ch\u00fang nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
function my_custom_theme_scripts() {\n    \/\/ \u52a0\u8f7d\u4e3b\u6837\u5f0f\u8868\n    wp_enqueue_style( 'my-custom-theme-style', get_stylesheet_uri(), array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ) );\n\n\/\/ \u52a0\u8f7dGoogle Fonts\n    wp_enqueue_style( 'my-custom-theme-fonts', 'https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=...' );\n\n\/\/ \u52a0\u8f7d\u4e3bJavaScript\u6587\u4ef6\n    wp_enqueue_script( 'my-custom-theme-navigation', get_template_directory_uri() . '\/js\/navigation.js', array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ), true );\n\n\/\/ \u4e3a\u8bc4\u8bba\u56de\u590d\u811a\u672c\u6dfb\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\n    if ( is_singular() && comments_open() && get_option( 'thread_comments' ) ) {\n        wp_enqueue_script( 'comment-reply' );\n    }\n}\nadd_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'my_custom_theme_scripts' );<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd tin v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hay c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d (escape) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ed9ng (dynamic content).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng esc_html()<\/code>, esc_attr()<\/code>, esc_url()<\/code> Tho\u00e1t c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh HTML ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung.<\/li>
  • Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u2026 sanitize_text_field()<\/code> V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/li>
  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1eabu (Use in the template) the_title()<\/code>, the_content()<\/code> C\u00e1c h\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d (escape). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3. echo esc_html( get_post_meta( $post->ID, 'key', true ) );<\/code>\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed9t theme WordPress t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t\u2026 style.css<\/code> \u548c index.php<\/code> Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu (templates) v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u00f3a (modular design), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 (header) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n trang (footer) ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a trang web. functions.php<\/code> WordPress t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 menu \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch (widgets) v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh thu nh\u1ecf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme customizer). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. wp_enqueue_scripts<\/code> T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea3i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra (output encoding).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e2ng cao, t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng AJAX, v.v.). H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 WordPress Codex v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    FAQ \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) cho WordPress, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh sau:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 sau: PHP, HTML, CSS, v\u00e0 JavaScript. PHP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd logic ph\u00eda m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a WordPress; HTML t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a trang web; CSS ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c; c\u00f2n JavaScript th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean trang web. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 SQL c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch WordPress th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    File `functions.php` trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    functions.php<\/code> T\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ctrung t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng\u201d c\u1ee7a giao di\u1ec7n (theme), \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t plugin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n trang web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 b\u1ea1n th\u00eam v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a giao di\u1ec7n, th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 menu, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3), t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a giao di\u1ec7n (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u1ea3nh thu nh\u1ecf cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft), \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin script v\u00e0 file style, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c h\u00e0m t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a WordPress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u00f3a \u2013 i18n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a \u2013 l10n) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m hai b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, style.css<\/code> V\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u00e0 xung quanh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u2026 __\uff08'Text', 'text-domain'\uff09<\/code> \u6216 _e\uff08'Text', 'text-domain'\uff09<\/code> H\u00e3y b\u1ecdc l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (wrapper) cho h\u00e0m d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y. Ti\u1ebfp theo, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Poedit \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme files) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. .pot<\/code> C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu (template files), sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. .po<\/code> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch .mo<\/code> T\u1ec7p tin \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme). \/languages\/<\/code> C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (plugin) nh\u01b0 Loco Translate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (Theme) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 con (Child Theme) t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng (styles) hay m\u1eabu (templates) t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh (custom theme) l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p (<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 con (sub-themes) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cha (parent theme) hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Astra ho\u1eb7c GeneratePress nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cha m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 con. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 con ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c file CSS, JavaScript, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kh\u00e1c). style.css<\/code>, functions.php<\/code> N\u00f3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cha (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh giao di\u1ec7n). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c WordPress ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1i \u0111a khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a WordPress.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng (style sheet) v\u00e0 m\u1eabu ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[638,1913,1923,1976,805],"knowledge_category":[280],"class_list":["post-12367465","knowledge_post","type-knowledge_post","status-publish","hentry","tag-wordpress-theme-development","tag-theme-making","tag-1923","tag-1976","tag-custom-themes","knowledge_category-wordpress"],"acf":{"site_seo_keywords":"\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49WordPress\u4e3b\u9898,WordPress\u4e3b\u9898\u5f00\u53d1,\u4e3b\u9898\u6784\u5efa\u6559\u7a0b,WordPress\u6a21\u677f,\u4ee3\u7801\u63a7\u5236,\u7f51\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316,WordPress\u5b89\u5168,\u6a21\u677f\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12367465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/knowledge_post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12367465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12405793,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12367465\/revisions\/12405793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12367465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12367465"},{"taxonomy":"knowledge_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_category?post=12367465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}