{"id":12372094,"date":"2026-03-16T09:17:45","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T01:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/knowledge\/%e6%8e%8c%e6%8f%a1wordpress%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%88%b0%e7%b2%be%e9%80%9a%e7%9a%84%e6%a0%b8%e5%bf%83%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T06:22:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T22:22:57","slug":"wordpress-theme-development-guide-from-beginner-to-expert-a1wordpress","status":"publish","type":"knowledge_post","link":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/knowledge\/wordpress\/wordpress-theme-development-guide-from-beginner-to-expert-a1wordpress\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean trang web.\/wp-content\/themes\/<\/code>C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a trang web. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7p tin c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trang web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ec7p tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u2026style.css<\/code>N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng (stylesheet) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n (theme), m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin meta nh\u01b0 t\u00ean giao di\u1ec7n, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, v.v. WordPress s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf ph\u00eda sau n\u1ec1n (trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/*\nTheme Name: My Custom Theme\nTheme URI: https:\/\/example.com\/my-theme\nAuthor: Your Name\nAuthor URI: https:\/\/example.com\nDescription: A custom WordPress theme built for learning.\nVersion: 1.0.0\n*\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c l\u00e0\u2026index.php<\/code>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1; khi WordPress kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trang web.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (themes) cho WordPress t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i hai t\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin m\u1eabu (template files) kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. V\u00ed d\u1ee5,header.php<\/code>Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a trang web (bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trang web \u2013DOCTYPE, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, menu \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, v.v.)footer.php<\/code>Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n trang (footer).sidebar.php<\/code>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 thanh b\u00ean (sidebar). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u2026get_header()<\/code>\uff0c get_footer()<\/code>\u548cget_sidebar()<\/code>Nh\u1eefng th\u1ebb m\u1eabu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu ch\u00ednh, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\r\n
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B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n trong 30 ng\u00e0y, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 DDoS mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, mua 3 n\u0103m \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i 50%<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  
\r\n          \r\n                  \"Logo\r\n          \r\n              <\/a>\r\n    \r\n    \r\n       Truy c\u1eadp trang    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t t\u1ec7p tin m\u1eabu.single.php<\/code>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu trang n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i blog c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, WordPress s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi m\u1eabu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb danh s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trang ch\u1ee7 blog ho\u1eb7c trang danh m\u1ee5c,archive.php<\/code>\u548chome.php<\/code>\/index.php<\/code>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3,archive.php<\/code>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu t\u1ec7p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, th\u1ebb, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u2026home.php<\/code>V\u1eady th\u00ec\u2026index.php<\/code>N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho trang ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean blog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trang m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi\u2026page.php<\/code>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c trang t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o trong giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb (backend) c\u1ee7a WordPress. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t trang c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu trang t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa ch\u1ee9a t\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p m\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme templates) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u1eb7p (loop mechanisms)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
WordPress s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 template th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh file template n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chung, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o ra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a trang web.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam T\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u201cTin t\u1ee9c\u201d, WordPress s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:category-news.php<\/code>(M\u1eabu ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3) -> category-5.php<\/code>(M\u1eabu m\u00e3 ID ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i) -> category.php<\/code>(M\u1eabu ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chung) -> archive.php<\/code>(M\u1eabu l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chung) -> V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0\u2026index.php<\/code>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trang web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong WordPress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cV\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p WordPress\u201d (WordPress Loop). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 PHP d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1eebng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t. V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu (template files) c\u1ee7a WordPress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u2026have_posts()<\/code>\u548cthe_post()<\/code>M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t qua t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\r\n
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Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb CPU AMD EPYC, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef SSD NVMe v\u00e0 LiteSpeed, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chuy\u00ean gia n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 24 gi\u1edd\/ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m SSL, ch\u1ed1ng brute force, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 DDoS, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1edbi 73%.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  
\r\n          \r\n                  \"Logo\r\n          \r\n              <\/a>\r\n    \r\n    \r\n       Truy c\u1eadp trang    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<h2><?php the_title(); ?><\/h2>\n        <div><?php the_content(); ?><\/div>\n    \n    <p>Không tìm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bài vi\u1ebft nào.<\/p>\n<?php endif; ?><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t th\u1ebb m\u1eabu (template tags) \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0:the_title()<\/code>Xu\u1ea5t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1,the_content()<\/code>N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, vui l\u00f2ng cho bi\u1ebft!the_excerpt()<\/code>Xu\u1ea5t t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, v\u00e0the_permalink()<\/code>Truy c\u1eadp li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean trang web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch dinh h\u1ed3ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m v\u00e0 hook \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme).<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
functions.php<\/code>T\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ctrung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin m\u1eabu (template file), m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p PHP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o khi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c h\u00e0m (functions), \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng (features), th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc (filters) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hook h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (action hooks), nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a WordPress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng quaadd_theme_support()<\/code>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a WordPress cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh thu nh\u1ecf (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n) cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1eebng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1eabu ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
function mytheme_setup() {\n    \/\/ \u542f\u7528\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684Feed\u94fe\u63a5\n    add_theme_support( 'automatic-feed-links' );\n    \/\/ \u542f\u7528\u6587\u7ae0\u7f29\u7565\u56fe\u529f\u80fd\n    add_theme_support( 'post-thumbnails' );\n    \/\/ \u542f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49Logo\u529f\u80fd\n    add_theme_support( 'custom-logo' );\n}\nadd_action( 'after_setup_theme', 'mytheme_setup' );<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Action v\u00e0 Filter Hooks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hook trong WordPress l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng then ch\u1ed1t cho t\u00ednh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c hook h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (Action Hooks) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ch\u00e8n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a trang web. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung trang, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c logic ph\u1ee9c twp_enqueue_scripts<\/code>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u201chook\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng (style sheets) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 JavaScript v\u00e0o trang web m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
function mytheme_scripts() {\n    \/\/ \u5f15\u5165\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u6837\u5f0f\u8868\n    wp_enqueue_style( 'mytheme-style', get_stylesheet_uri() );\n    \/\/ \u5f15\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49JavaScript\u6587\u4ef6\n    wp_enqueue_script( 'mytheme-navigation', get_template_directory_uri() . '\/js\/navigation.js', array(), '1.0.0', true );\n}\nadd_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'mytheme_scripts' );<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c hook c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc (Filter Hooks) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3\u2026excerpt_length<\/code>B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\r\n
\r\n     \r\n  
\r\n    \r\n      M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a InterServer    <\/strong>\r\n    
L\u01b0u tr\u1eef chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed $2,50 USD m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 $0,1 USD trong th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tryinterserver, v\u1edbi 461 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  
\r\n          \r\n                  \"Logo\r\n          \r\n              <\/a>\r\n    \r\n    \r\n       Truy c\u1eadp trang    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
function mytheme_custom_excerpt_length( $length ) {\n    return 30; \/\/ \u5c06\u6458\u8981\u5b57\u6570\u6539\u4e3a30\u5b57\n}\nadd_filter( 'excerpt_length', 'mytheme_custom_excerpt_length' );<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng linh ho\u1ea1t (responsive design) v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (performance optimization).<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00edch \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CSS Media Queries. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u2026style.css<\/code>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau (t\u00ednh \u201cresponsive\u201d). M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.max-width: 100%;<\/code>\u548cheight: auto;<\/code>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thu nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f3ng to b\u00ean trong khung ch\u1ee9a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e2ng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme content)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm (SEO). \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh (script) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng (style sheet) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trang web theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3nwp_enqueue_script()<\/code>Khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp (setting).in_footer<\/code>C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 l\u00e0\u2026true<\/code>H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c script kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i trang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng WordPress.add_image_size()<\/code>H\u00e0m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu (templates).the_post_thumbnail( \u2018custom-size\u2019 )<\/code>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t t\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i thu nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ea3i ch\u1eadm (Lazy Load) cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u1eeb phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n WordPress 5.5 tr\u1edf \u0111i, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ea3i ch\u1eadm cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c plugin ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m API do WordPress cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u2026esc_html()<\/code>\uff0c esc_url()<\/code>\u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u ra, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ngwp_kses_post()<\/code>Vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u1ebb HTML an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (Cross-Site Scripting \u2013 XSS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb `Nonce` (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh x$wpdb->prepare()<\/code>\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3u SQL injection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) cho WordPress l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0\u2026style.css<\/code>\u548cindex.php<\/code>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1eabu (templates) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u1eb7p (looping mechanisms).functions.php<\/code>V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (responsive design), t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (performance optimization) v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n (secure coding) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme customization) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 con (subthemes) n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng giao di\u1ec7n trang web m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n
FAQ \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 WordPress c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 HTML v\u00e0 CSS \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n trang web. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 PHP l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a WordPress c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu giao di\u1ec7n (templates) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng PHP. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 JavaScript s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o trang web, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c (parent theme)?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Child Theme (Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 con) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Child Theme ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7p tin m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.style.css<\/code>\uff0c functions.php<\/code>Ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh; n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cha. Khi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 con, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00eau (header comments) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.style.css<\/code>t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9tfunctions.php<\/code>T\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec gi\u1eefa t\u1ec7p functions.php c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a plugin (plugin) trong WordPress?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
functions.php<\/code>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng do plugin cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1; d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c trang web, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1; c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cho trang web (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu li\u00ean h\u1ec7, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a SEO), th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t plugin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ecbch \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u00f3a (i18n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a (l10n). Trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a WordPress cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.()<\/code>\uff0c _e()<\/code>\uff0c esc_html()<\/code>Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Poedit \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft..pot<\/code>c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p.po<\/code>\u548c.mo<\/code>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u1ec1 t\u1ec7p tin\u2026functions.php<\/code>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ngload_theme_textdomain()<\/code>H\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p d\u1ecbch v\u1ec1.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (theme) cho WordPress. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 style.css v\u00e0 index.php). Ti\u1ebfp theo, n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin m\u1eabu (template files) quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p (loop) trong WordPress d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m (functions) v\u00e0 hook, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[638,2379,2923,2149,1910],"knowledge_category":[280],"class_list":["post-12372094","knowledge_post","type-knowledge_post","status-publish","hentry","tag-wordpress-theme-development","tag-wordpress-theme-structure","tag-wordpress-template-files","tag-theme-development-guide","tag-theme-development-tutorial","knowledge_category-wordpress"],"acf":{"site_seo_keywords":"WordPress\u4e3b\u9898\u5f00\u53d1,\u4e3b\u9898\u7ed3\u6784,\u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6,\u6a21\u677f\u5c42\u7ea7,WordPress\u5faa\u73af,functions.php,\u4e3b\u9898\u5f00\u53d1\u6307\u5357,\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12372094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/knowledge_post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12372094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12406591,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_posts\/12372094\/revisions\/12406591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12372094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12372094"},{"taxonomy":"knowledge_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.likacloud.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_category?post=12372094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}